In Jordan, student achievement has been in decline over several years, creating a serious concern across the various Directorates of the Ministry of Education (MOE). To address this issue, it is necessary to consider what is working and what can be improved based on an understanding of current performance gaps within and across the education structure. By identifying and probing more deeply into these gaps, the MOE will be better prepared to address the root causes of the decreasing achievement results that are further exasperated by a fluid and challenging external environment.